What is Excretion? Excretion in human being?

Excretion in Human Beings

The excretory system of human beings includes a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys are located in the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone, Urine produced in the kidneys passes through the ureters into the urinary bladder where it is stored until it is released through the urethra.

How is urine produced? The purpose of making urine is to filter out waste products from the blood. Just as CO, is removed from the blood in the lungs. nitrogenous waste such as urea or uric acid are removed from blood in the kidneys. It is then no surprise that the basic filtration unit in the kidneys.

like in the lungs, is a cluster of very thin-walled blood capillaries. Each capillary cluster in the kidney is associated with the cup-shaped end of a coiled tube called Bowman's capsule that collects the filtrate.Each kidney has large numbers of these filtration units called nephrons packed close together. 7. Some substances in the initial filtrate, such as glucose. amino acids, salts and a major amount of water, are selectively re-absorbed as the urine flows along the tube. The amount of water re-absorbed depends on how much excess water there is in the body, and on how much of dissolved waste there is to be excreted. The urine forming in kidney eventually enters a long tube, the ureter. connects the kidneys with the urinary bladder. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder until the pressure of the expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass it out through the urethra. The bladder is muscular, so it is under nervous control, as we have discussed elsewhere. As a result, we can usually control the urge to urinate.

What are life process?

WHAT ARE LIFE PROCESSES? The maintenance functions of living organisms must go on even when they are not doing anything particular. Even when we are just sitting in class even if we are just asleep, this maintenance job has to go on The processes which together perform this maintenance job an We processes . Since these maintenance processes are needed to prevent damage and break-down energy is needed for them. This energy comes from outside the body of the mdhadual organism. So there must be a process to transfer a source of energy from outside the body of the organism which we call food, to the inside, a process we commonly call nutrition If the body size of the organisins is to grow, additional raw material wit also be needed from outside. Since life on earth depends on carbon- based molecules most of these food sources are also carbon-based Depending on the complexity of these carbon sources, different organisms can then use different kinds of nutritional processes The outside sourc...

Nutrition in human being?

Nutrition in Human Beings The alimentary canal is basically a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus. we can see that the tube has different parts. Various regions are specialised to perform different functions. What happens to the food once it enters our body? We shall discuss this process here. We eat various types of food which has to pass through the same digestive tract, Naturally the food has to be processed to generate particles which are small and of the same texture. This is achieved by crushing the food with our teeth, Since the lining of the canal is soft, the food is also wetted to make its passage smooth. When we eat something we like, our mouth waters. This is actually not only water..but a fluid called saliva secreted by the salivary glands. Another aspect of the food we ingest is its complex nature. If it is to be absorbed from the alimentary canal, it has to be broken into smaller molecules. This is done with the help of biological catalysts called enzyme...

Computer programming language

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Generally, a language is considered as the medium of communication among people. Likewise, to communicate with computer systems, we use computer programming languages. Usually, we provide a particular set of instructions to the computer to perform a specific task. The set of instructions given to a computer is known as a Program languages. For example, BASIC, C, C++, Java. Such programs are written in languages close to the human languages and are called high level COBOL, Fortran, etc. Each language has its own set of keywords and special syntax for writing the program. But computer cannot understand such languages. Computer understands only binary language that consists of binary numbers that is 0 and 1. So high level programs are converted into low level language program or machine language program using translators. In this chapter, let us study different generations of computer languages. First Generation language-Machine Language Machine Langu...

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