Transportation in Plants

We have discussed earlier how plants take in simple compounds such CO, and photosynthesise energy stored in their chlorophyll-containing organs, amely leaves. The other kinds of raw materials needed for building plant bodies will also have to be taken up separately. For plants the soil is the nearest and nichest source of raw materials like nitrogen phosphorus and other minerals. The absorption of these substances therefore occurs through the part in contact with the sot, namely roots If the distances between sell-contacting organs and chlorophyll- containing ongans are small, energy and raw materials can easily diffuse to all parts of the plant body. But if these distances become large because of changes in plant body design, diffusion processes will not be sufficient to provide raw material in leaves and energy in roots A proper system of transportation is therefore essential in such situations.

Energy needs differ between different body designs Plants do not move, and plant bodies have a large proportion of dead cells in many tissues. As a result, plants have low energy needs, and can use relatively slow transport systems. The distances over which transport systems have to operate, however, can be very large in plants such as very tall trees.

Plant transport systems will move energy stores from leaves and raw materials from roots. These two pathways are constructed as independently organised conducting tubes One, thelem moves water and minerals obtained from the soil. The other, phloem transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves where they are synthesised to other parts of the plant.

Transport of water

In xylem tissue, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are Interconnected to form a continuous system of water conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant. At the roots, cells in contact with the soil actively take up lons. This creates a difference in the concentration of these ions between the root and the sol. Water, therefore move into the root from the soil to eliminate this difference. This means that there is steady movement of water into root xylem, creating a column of water that is steadily pushed upwards.

However, this pressure by itself is unlikely to be enough to move water over the heights that we commonly see in plants. Plants use another strategy to move water in the xylem upwards to the highest points of theplant body.

What are life process?

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Nutrition in human being?

Nutrition in Human Beings The alimentary canal is basically a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus. we can see that the tube has different parts. Various regions are specialised to perform different functions. What happens to the food once it enters our body? We shall discuss this process here. We eat various types of food which has to pass through the same digestive tract, Naturally the food has to be processed to generate particles which are small and of the same texture. This is achieved by crushing the food with our teeth, Since the lining of the canal is soft, the food is also wetted to make its passage smooth. When we eat something we like, our mouth waters. This is actually not only water..but a fluid called saliva secreted by the salivary glands. Another aspect of the food we ingest is its complex nature. If it is to be absorbed from the alimentary canal, it has to be broken into smaller molecules. This is done with the help of biological catalysts called enzyme...

Adaptation in lion & adaptation in deer

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